Hindu-Muslim polarisation and majoritarian politics: cultural assertion vs communal division

Police rarely intervene when Hindu Raksha Dal and Gau Raksha Dal attack.

Narendra Modi uses religion, culture, and history to seek electoral benefits.

Shivaji’s conflict with Aurangzeb was a struggle for dominance, not religious war.

Alleged vote theft is portrayed as a pretext for targeting Hindutva.

Muslims fear being stigmatized whenever bombings, fires, or other incidents occur.